The tension on the labor market of Ingushetia can be reduced implementing the Red Cross experience.
During the recent meeting hosted by the Russian president's envoy in the North Caucasus Federal District in Essentuki, with the participation of republics' representatives, Alexander Khloponin complained of the increase of expenditures in the fight against unemployment (more than 8.5 billion rubles were spent in 2010). Them envoy expressed his views on resolving the unemployment problem in some regions of the District: "For example, we can form teams of Ingush workers to fix them up for a job in oil, gas or coil extracting companies in other regions," he said. Money for the professional training of such teams can be allotted from federal budget. Khloponin believes this would be more effective than the formal financing of unemployment centers.
Last year, during a working trip to the Sverdlovsk region, Ingush President Unus-Bek Evkurov reached an agreement with then governor Eduard Rossel on the employment of workers from Ingushetia. Nevertheless, some doubt the effectiveness of employing people in regions also fighting unemployment. During the Soviet period, dozens of workers left for Siberia and Far East from the Chechen-Ingush republic. They worked for 16 hours daily seven days a week. During the working season they made a lot of money, enough to build a house or buy a car. The authorities did not promote working migration, quite the contrary they reproached migrants for their willingness to make money.
Nowadays workers from Georgia, Azerbaijan and Stavropol and some other regions come to Ingushetia. There is a supply-and-demand misbalance in the republic nowadays. The jobs in demand are mechanization experts, plumbers, crane operators, cesspool cleaners, highly-qualified electricians and some others. At the same time there is an excess of lawyers, economists, psychologists, accountants and computer programmers. Meanwhile the program aimed at developing self-employment and entrepreneurial activity experiences great difficulties. In practice potential entrepreneurs shift off fiscal accounting as soon as they receive access to federal subsidies (58 800 rubles for each person).
Moreover the control over distributing this money is very ineffective. Perhaps, it would be possible to reduce the tension in the sphere of employment using the experience of the Red Cross International Committee (RCIC).
The RCIC started the implementation of projects aimed at the development of small business in the North Caucasus in 2004. Step by step the project has turned into alternative to the distribution of humanitarian aid. The program provides the most defenseless categories of people with the opportunity to start their own business in spheres of agriculture, cattle breeding, crafts, trade and services. The projects of the RCIC are not large but let people have a fixed income. The candidates for the RCIC program pass careful examination and interviews. The business plans of the candidate as well as his motivation and financial situation are carefully checked. But what is most important is that RCIC denies financing in very rare cases. The committee provides participants of the program with equipment and facilities according to their business plan. During the first six months the enterprise is under the strict financial control of the committee. If the committee is satisfied, all the equipment is granted to the enterprise of the program participants. The inappropriate using of finances allotted for the development of small business is reduced to minimum. Moreover the carrying out of a project by several families is welcomed.
Ingush experts share the opinion that new vacancies should be created directly in the republic, including construction of modern plants. This is the only solution to the problem.
Pavel Tsoroev. Exclusively for VK.
