Islamophobia and xenophobia were central to the Trump ideology. During his presidential campaign in 2015, Trump called for “a total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States”. Upon becoming president, one of his first moves was to issue an executive order prohibiting travel into the US for people from Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Yemen and Syria. Trump later expanded the ban to target a number of other states in Africa and Asia, Middle East Eye writes.
Upon taking office in January 2021, Biden swiftly repealed the Muslim ban - but families and individuals continue to face barriers. Many are now stuck in the immigration visa backlog, worsened by Covid-19 travel restrictions and embassy closures. In February 2021, there were 473,000 immigrant visa cases pending for interviews - a number that does not include individuals at different stages of the process.
Many Muslim immigrants from previously banned countries are still waiting to receive updates from the government on the status of their applications and to finally be reunited with their families.
No clear guidance
There is still no clear guidance on steps for those who were denied visas under the ban. During the course of the ban, the State Department denied more than 40,000 visa applications. Today, many of these individuals are resorting to reapplying for a visa under the same process they used the first time - an extremely lengthy, costly and emotionally exhausting endeavour. Many wonder if it’s even worth it, with no assurances of success. According to the State Department, the Muslim ban kept more than 1,500 children from their American parents, more than 3,000 parents from their American children, and nearly 4,000 people from their partners. People also missed important life events, such as marriages, graduations and funerals.
After years of heartbreak, the Biden administration must do more to reassure these applicants that they will not have to go through this pain again. At the same time, some are being denied relief altogether: diversity visa winners barred from entering the US under the ban, such as Raghifar, cannot reapply for a visa as the Biden administration did not include them in the group of denied visa selectees invited to reapply. Instead, the Biden administration has indicated it needs Congress to act to make visas available to those who were selected but unable to secure their visas. In addition, Iranian men who did compulsory military service are also still banned from entering the US, regardless of how long ago they served. Many have wives, children and parents living in the US whom they have not been able to see in years.
Severe impacts
Consular services also have yet to be fully restored for visa applicants from banned countries. For Iranian nationals, this is especially difficult because there is no US embassy in Iran, leaving Iranian students with very few opportunities to secure their appointments. Some have had to defer enrolment or miss out on admission altogether.
Meanwhile, those lucky enough to secure a visa still worry about potential deportation. Between August 2019 and January 2020, more than a dozen Iranian students with valid visas who came to pursue higher education in the US were sent back to Iran, after facing lengthy detentions, extensive questioning and humiliating treatment. Their visas were revoked, despite a notoriously difficult initial vetting process.
Iranian and Iranian American communities were also severely impacted after the US assassination of Iranian military leader Qassem Soleimani in January 2020. US border officers subsequently detained and subjected dozens of Iranians and Iranian Americans returning from Canada to additional scrutiny.
Last week, more than 100 organisations sent a letter to the Biden administration detailing 13 policy proposals to fully redress the harms caused by the Muslim travel ban. These include providing clarity for impacted communities, addressing the cases of those who were denied visas, and restoring consular services, among other items.
